Internal-combustion engine.



G. C. LONGARD.

Alwmwi INTER AL COMBUSTION ENGINE Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

Z SHEBTSHSHEET 2.

I chamber.

omini)- sfrafis PATENT. ernten.

CLARENCE C. LONGABD, OF HALFAX, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA. i

rn'TE-nNAnooi/mosrron ENGINE.

Application filed November 24, 1913. Serial No. 802,667.

type; and it consists in the peculiar and advnntngeous engine hereinafter described and definitely claimed.

In the accompanying drawings: F igurev 1 is a vertical dianietrical section of an internal combustion engine constituting one..

practical embodiment of my invention. Fig.

2. is a similar View illustrative of another construction embodying my invention..

rfhe engine shown in Fig. 1 comprises a cylinder and a piston together with an aux# iliary piston; the cylinder being divided by the piston l into lan explosion chamber 2, and a compression chamber 3, and the aux= iliary piston 4 being'arra-nged and movable in the explosion chamber, intermediate the piston 1 and the inner end of the explosion The explosion Chamber is provided at 5 with a spark plug or any' other suitable ignition device? and is also pro'- vided at il with an exhanst'port, and at 7 with an explosive-mixture inlet port, said port 7 beingA arranged in communication with the innerA end 0i" the explosion chamber, while the port G disposed so as to be in registration'with miope-ning Sin the upwardly extending wall 9 of the pistoniduring the completion of the outward traverse of said piston. It will also he noted ,here that the said woll ot the piston 1 is'providffl at 10 with port desinned to communicate during;r the eompletionot the inward traverse ot the piston 1"with the v ignition port or chamber 5. The fuel-inlet port l"I is controlled by an inwardly opening;r valve ll which isvclosed and yieldingly held closed ny a spring 1'2.

At 1 3 the oomprcssion chamber is 'pro- `vided withaport designed to he connected with a '.arhureter or other suitable source of fuel. supply, and leading Afrom the cenaon ehan'rlvxr at the point l-l to the p rt a fuel "luitl5. is pre feralgly, th

in the r.

Specification of Letters Patent.

hof fuel in the chamber betweentli' this conduit .I 'iotnef ilk -fl l between. the t'ffo pistons. This will lie ap- Patented Sept. I8, 1914..

is also provided by preference with a water jacket 1G as illustrated.

Formed in theauxiliary piston 4 a port X in communication vwith the portions of the explosion chamber at opposite sides of the said auxiliary piston, andixed:- in said port 1 6 are perforated metallic diaphragme 17, designed to prevent'what B Commonly called back firing. The port v 16X is controlled by a valve '18, arranged to 65 seat in a direction away from themain piston l; the said valve being yieldingly held against its seat hy a spring 18".

ll'ith the understanding that n0' unbul'nt explosive mixture is admitted to the ex- 79 plosive chamber until the vmain piston l has made its full outwardstrcke and the products of combustion of the previous ex'- plosion have eseaped'through the registe'red- 75 parts G and 8, the operation of the embodi4 ment described will hefullyunderstood' i from the following:

.lVhen on the inward stroke of the main piston l, the explosive mixture balck yof 'tle auxiliar-y piston L1 has compression sufficient 59 f to overcome 4the spring' pressure on the valve 1S in the auxiliary-'piston 4 which takes place after the exhaust port is closed hy the main piston. It is then the valve I18` opens-and :ulmitsexplosivemixture to the-85 Chamber between. the two pistons. VIt-is Athis that prevents thejescape of `unioni-nt explosive mixture through the exhaust' port lt will also bemnn'icsttthat whenv the' Charge between thertwo pistons is ignited.,

:md the main piston is forced' ontwardly, the unhurnt explosive mixture from 4the colnpresson chamber or crank chamber 3 will he utilized. to force the auxiliary piston l hustion lietu'een the two pistons.l Then on the inward stroke of the irniin, piston 1 the ope-ration described is repeated. f From this' it follorfs'tlmt l utilize the auxiliary piston 4llo divide the nnliurnt explosive mixture'lg from the gases resultingrfrom nnexplosion;

"two

pistons.

lt will also he l'gathered from tlifo're going' that the free passage of ieiiilosive n'lixture between the compressie harhber und the explosion chamber `assures "the supply nl :i full vhar'gfe .of explosive milo` .re l?. the portion of the explosion chamber ..Y outwardly against the products of oin- 9.5

Y plus,

Vsimilar to the portltx preciatcd as an importautadvantage when it is stated that in the ordinary two-cycle engine the fuel port opens and closes so quickly that when it is attempted to increase the speed of the engine, the explosion chamber is not fully charged before said port n is closed. Again it will be observed that the auxiliary piston is operated by the compressed explosive mixture from the compression chamber which acts against the whole surface of the auxiliary piston and exerts greatv pressure thereon, and thereby increases the propelling force of said auxiliary piston.4

In the port of the auxiliary piston a series of apertured screens is employed with a view to preventing back firing.

In order to cushion the auxiliary piston, I provide the wall 9 of the main piston 1, in combination with an annular recess 21 formed at the outer .end of the auxiliary piston and designed to snugly receive the said Wall 9 when the pistons come together. I also prefer' to employ similar means for cushioning 'the auxiliary piston on the in ward movement thereof, z'. c., I provide the said auxiliary piston with an annular extenv sion 22 designed to venter and snugly move in an annular recess 23 formed in the head of the cylinder.

The embodiment shown in Fig'. 2 is similar-tothat shown in' Fig. l as regards the inlet port 13 of the compression chamber or crank case 3, the conduit '15, the port 7, and the valve 11, equip ed with spring 12; also, as regards a cham er 5 to receivev a spark and the exhaust port 6, arranged to be uncovered by the `Amain piston when the latter is in its outermost position. The auxiliary piston 4 differs from the piston 4 of Fig. 1 1n that it has no valve-controlled port of the pistonfi.

In lieu of the valve-controlled port 16x of Fig'l, I provide the embodiment of Fig. 2 with a by-pass port 16W that connects the chamber back of the auxiliary piston La with the chamber between the two pistons, and is controlled by the valve 18' andis equipped withoi'aminous screens 17" for the purpose hereinbefore ascribed to the screens or diaphragme 17 of Fig. 1.

The operation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2` is generally similar to that as-v cribed to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1; the valve 18W opening and admitting gas into the chamber between the pistons when on the inwardstroke of the main piston and when the explosive mixture back of the auxiliary piston l1""has suiiicient compression to overcome the explosive' pressure, and the auxiliary piston commences to move down on the products ofcombustion.

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HavingA` described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by. Letters-Patent, 1s:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a main piston and an auxiliary piston; the cylinder being divided by the main piston into an explosion chamber and a compression chamber and having an inlet port for explosive mixture communicating withA the compression chamber and further having an inlet port communicating with the chamber back of the auxiliary piston and an exhaust port communicating with the chamber between the pistons, a conduit intermediate the compression chamber and the port that communicates with the chamber bach of the auxiliary piston, non-return means controlling said conduit, a port for leading explosive mixture from the chamber back of the auxiliary piston to the chamber between the pistons, and non-return means for controlling said port.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a main piston and an auxiliary piston; the cylinder being divided by the mainpiston into an explosion chamber and a compression chamber and having an inlet port for explosive mixture communicating with the compression chamber and further having an. inlet port communicating with the chamber back of 'the auxiliary piston and an exhaust rport communicating with the chamber between thepistons, a conduit intermediate the compressionfchamber and the port that communicates with the chamber back of the auxiliarygpiston, non-return means controlling said conduit, a port for leading explosive mixture from the chamber of the auxiliary piston to the chamber between the pistons, non-return means for controlling sald port, and apertured means 1n said port for preventing back firing.

3. The combination in an internal combustion engine, of a cylinder having an exhaust port and an ignition chamber, a main piston movable Ain the cylinderand having an inward extension in which is 'an aperture to register with the exhaust port and another aperture to register with the ignition chamber,'and an auxiliary piston arranged in the cylinder and having an annular recess to receive said extension of the main piston and also having an end extension of its own adapted to snugly enter a recess in the cylinder.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing ios- 

